What Are ELDs in Trucking? A Guide for Carriers

Whether you’ve been on the road for decades or just got your authority, Electronic Logging Devices (ELDs) are part of the job. The FMCSA introduced them to tackle one of the most persistent risks in the industry: driver fatigue. By automating the tracking of Hours of Service (HOS), ELDs help ensure drivers stay within legal limits, making the roads safer for everyone.Before ELDs, paper logs made it easier to stretch hours or run tired, often leading to violations, accidents, and burnout. The ELD mandate introduced a tamper-resistant, standardized system to mitigate these risks and enhance accountability across the board.

But ELDs are more than just a compliance checkbox. Used correctly, they can help you stay ahead of inspections, reduce paperwork, lower costs, and keep your operation running smoothly.

In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know—from choosing the right device to staying compliant and getting the most out of your logs. Because when you understand how to use your ELD, you’re not just meeting the rules—you’re running smarter.

What Is an ELD?

An Electronic Logging Device (ELD) is a system—either a physical device or an app—that connects to your truck’s engine and automatically tracks your Hours of Service (HOS). Instead of filling out paper logs, the ELD records your driving time, status changes, and key vehicle data in real time.

It captures information such as:

• Driving time
• Engine hours
• Vehicle movement
• Duty status changes (driving, on-duty, off-duty, sleeper berth)
• Location and mileage

In short, it replaces the old paper logbooks and helps drivers comply with federal HOS rules like the 11-hour driving limit, 14-hour on-duty window, mandatory rest breaks, and the 34-hour reset.

By automating the process, ELDs reduce paperwork, minimize errors, and make it easier to avoid costly violations—all while helping you run a safer and more efficient operation.

Who Needs an ELD—and Who’s Exempt?

Most commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers who are required to maintain Records of Duty Status (RODS) must use an ELD.

Common Exemptions:

• Short-haul drivers operating within a 150 air-mile radius and returning to the same work location within 14 hours.
• Drivers using paper logs for no more than 8 days in any 30 days.
• Tow-away operations where the vehicle being transported is the commodity.
• Trucks with engines manufactured before 2000.

It’s always a good idea to verify your exemption status regularly, especially if you switch routes, equipment, or scheduling practices.

Key Benefits of ELDs

Beyond compliance, many carriers and drivers are finding that ELDs offer real business value:

• Save Time – Less paperwork, automatic logs, easier roadside inspections.
• Improve Safety – Monitor fatigue, prevent HOS violations, and reduce the risk of fines or crashes.
• Boost Efficiency – Utilize real-time data to optimize routes, minimize idle time, and schedule maintenance effectively.
• Enhance Communication – Better ETAs, fewer check-in calls, more transparency for shippers and customers.
• Cut Costs – Identify behaviors, such as hard braking or prolonged idling, that impact fuel consumption and equipment wear.

ELD Compliance

Staying compliant means more than just plugging in your device. Here’s what you should be doing:

• Use an FMCSA-Approved Device: Only devices listed on the FMCSA ELD Registry are legal. The FMCSA updates this list regularly; some ELDs are removed due to non-compliance with the regulations. Check your provider at least twice a year.
• Accurate Records: Drivers must record all duty status changes promptly and correctly.
• Supporting Documents: In addition to ELD logs, keep BOLs, fuel receipts, dispatch records, and other supporting documents for at least 6 months.
• Data Transfer: During inspections, drivers must be able to transfer logs electronically or display them on the screen. Practice this ahead of time to avoid fines or delays.
• Have a Backup Plan: If your ELD malfunctions, switch to paper logs immediately, report the issue, and repair or replace the unit within 8 days.

Understand HOS Rules

Your ELD doesn’t prevent violations—it just tracks them. Drivers still need to know and follow the rules:

• 11-hour driving limit
• 14-hour on-duty limit
• 10-hour off-duty requirement
• 30-minute break after 8 hours
• 34-hour weekly restart

Common ELD Problems and Solutions

If the device is not working, report the issue to your carrier and provider right away. Use paper logs until the issue is resolved, but do so as soon as possible.

Choosing the Right ELD

There’s no one-size-fits-all. Ask these questions before selecting an ELD for your fleet:

• Is it FMCSA-approved and up to date?
• Does it support real-time location and HOS data?
• Is it easy to use for both drivers and dispatchers?
• What kind of customer support is available (24/7, in Spanish, on the road)?
• Are there any additional features (such as fuel tracking or maintenance alerts)?
• What is the total cost (device, subscription, installation)?
• Does it include integration with IFTA or fuel card systems?

• Is the cost all-in or does it require a long-term contract?

Reliable providers often include mobile apps, cloud dashboards, and regular over-the-air updates.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

• Fines: Can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars per incident.
• Out-of-Service Orders: Drivers or fleets may be temporarily or permanently suspended from service.
• CSA Score Impact: Violations affect your Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) score, impacting your business reputation and insurance rates.

Best Practices for Staying Compliant

• Be Inspection-Ready: Know how to transfer logs and keep backup documentation, train all drivers on HOS rules and device functions.
• Review Logs Regularly: Spot errors or violations before they become costly.
• Stay Informed: Monitor FMCSA updates and industry news for regulatory changes.
• Foster Compliance Culture: Encourage open communication about issues and ongoing training.

Frequently Asked Questions

Final Thoughts

ELDs are more than a legal requirement—they’re a tool to run your business smarter. When used correctly, they help you stay compliant, reduce risk, and unlock new efficiencies that save time and money on the road. By selecting the right device, staying informed, and cultivating a culture of compliance, you can transform regulatory pressure into a competitive advantage.

Keep Rolling with the Right Financial Partner

At Summar Financial, we support carriers beyond compliance. Our freight factoring solutions help you access fast, reliable cash flow so you can cover fuel, payroll, and repairs—without waiting weeks to get paid.

Whether you’re an owner-operator or managing a growing fleet, we’re here to keep your business moving forward.

👉 Learn more about our factoring services at summar.com or contact us to see how we can help.